室温与光照对子午沙鼠和灰仓鼠繁殖的影响

观察了长光照周期（明１６ｈ∶暗８ｈ）和短光照周期（明９～１２．５ｈ∶暗１５～１１．５ｈ）及常温（１５～２０℃）和低温（１０～１４℃）对子午沙鼠和灰仓鼠在室内繁殖的影响。结果表明,子午沙鼠和灰仓鼠均属长光照周期型鼠种,在长光照周期时提高气温有加速雄体睾丸下降的作用,分别需要经４３ｄ和２１ｄ以上的刺激,交尾才有效。在短光照周期时,提高气温可刺激灰仓鼠睾丸下降并繁殖,刺激６０ｄ以上有的鼠交尾有效,但对子午沙鼠无此作用。     

Response Characteristics in the Apex of the Gerbil Cochlea Studied Through Auditory Nerve Recordings

In this study, we analyze the processing of low-frequency sounds in the cochlear apex through responses of auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) that innervate the apex. Single tones and irregularly spaced tone complexes were used to evoke ANF responses in Mongolian gerbil. The spike arrival times were analyzed in terms of phase locking, peripheral frequency selectivity, group delays, and the nonlinear effects of sound pressure level (SPL). Phase locking to single tones was similar to that in cat. Vector strength was maximal for stimulus frequencies around 500 Hz, decreased above 1 kHz, and became insignificant above 4 to 5 kHz. We used the responses to tone complexes to determine amplitude and phase curves of ANFs having a characteristic frequency (CF) below 5 kHz. With increasing CF, amplitude curves gradually changed from broadly tuned and asymmetric with a steep low-frequency flank to more sharply tuned and asymmetric with a steep high-frequency flank. Over the same CF range, phase curves gradually changed from a concave-upward shape to a concave-downward shape. Phase curves consisted of two or three approximately straight segments. Group delay was analyzed separately for these segments. Generally, the largest group delay was observed near CF. With increasing SPL, most amplitude curves broadened, sometimes accompanied by a downward shift of best frequency, and group delay changed along the entire range of stimulus frequencies. We observed considerable across-ANF variation in the effects of SPL on both amplitude and phase. Overall, our data suggest that mechanical responses in the apex of the cochlea are considerably nonlinear and that these nonlinearities are of a different character than those known from the base of the cochlea.     

Study of retinal neurodegeneration and maculopathy in diabetic Meriones shawi: A particular animal model with human‐like macula

The purpose of this work was to evaluate a potentially useful animal model, Meriones shawi (M.sh)—developing metabolic X syndrome, diabetes and possessing a visual streak similar to human macula—in the study of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by high fat diet administration in M.sh. Body weights, blood glucose levels were monitored throughout the study. Diabetic retinal histopathology was evaluated 3 and 7 months after diabetes induction. Retinal thickness was measured, retinal cell types were labeled by immunohistochemistry and the number of stained elements were quantified. Apoptosis was determined with TUNEL assay. T2D induced progressive changes in retinal histology. A significant decrease of retinal thickness and glial reactivity was observed without an increase in apoptosis rate. Photoreceptor outer segment degeneration was evident, with a significant decrease in the number of all cones and M‐cone subtype, but—surprisingly—an increase in S‐cones. Damage of the pigment epithelium was also confirmed. A decrease in the number and labeling intensity of parvalbumin‐ and calretinin‐positive amacrine cells and a loss of ganglion cells was detected. Other cell types showed no evident alterations. No DME‐like condition was noticed even after 7 months. M.sh could be a useful model to study the evolution of diabetic retinal pathology and to identify the role of hypertension and dyslipidemia in the development of the reported alterations. Longer follow up would be needed to evaluate the potential use of the visual streak in modeling human macular diseases.     

吐鲁番农村葡萄农田混作区鼠害特点及防制

调查吐鲁番农区鼠害严重的原因,根据当地特点制订出防制对策,调查鼠种和鼠密度以夹线法;农田灭鼠采用均匀投药法;灭鼠效果考核采用２４ｈ盗食法,均匀投饵。共捕获六种鼠,总获率为４５．４％,优良鼠种为小家鼠,红尾沙鼠和子午沙鼠,其次还有褐家鼠,灰仓鼠和小林姬鼠。     

达茂旗长爪鼠鼠疫自然疫源地的发展趋势

目的通过历史资料分析达茂旗长爪沙鼠鼠疫自然疫源地的发展趋势。方法对历史数据进行分析。结果环境的改变影响着该疫源地主要宿主的分布及其数量动态,从而影响着鼠疫动物病的流行。结论达茂旗长爪沙鼠鼠疫自然疫源地完全具备长期存在的基本条件,而且有逐渐向人口密集地区扩散的趋势,必须采取科学的防治方法,措施有力,防止鼠疫动物病波及人间。     

长爪沙鼠体外寄生蚤抽样方法研究

目的：探讨长爪沙鼠体外寄生蚤抽样方法。方法：以不同监测点的鼠数、鼠体染蚤率为依据，由修改后的成数无放回理论抽样数公式：ｎ＝ｌｏｇ－１（ｐ）〔ｑ２Ｎ／（ｐｑ＋Ｎｄ）〕计算梳检鼠体数量；用相关分析方法，分析沙鼠体外染蚤率与指数的关系。结果：监测点的样本有２８个，实际样本量合理的为４个，占１４．２９％，实际样本量浪费的为１４个，占５０．００％，实际样本量不足的为１０个，占３５．７１％；生境的样本有４０个，实际样本量合理的为２个，占５．００％，实际样本量浪费的为８个，占２０．００％，实际样本量不足的为３０个，占７５．００％。对监测点２８个样本的沙鼠体外染蚤率与体外蚤指数的相关分析结果：ｎ’＝２６，ａ＝０．０４８１，ｂ＝０．０１９４，ｒ＝０．７５１８，ｒ０．００１＝０．５８８，Ｐ＜０．００１。结论：每次梳检鼠体样本量从２０只开始，沙鼠体外蚤指数随着体外染蚤率呈正相关变化     

新疆子午沙鼠尿液采集方法的建立及尿液部分生化指标的测定

目的 建立子午沙鼠尿液采集方法,测定分析野生子午沙鼠尿液部分生化和电解质指标,并与SD大鼠尿液生化指标进行比较.方法 在实验室内适应性饲养野生子午沙鼠3个月,采用自制尿液收集装置采集40只子午沙鼠和40只SD大鼠24 h尿液,用于尿液部分生化与电解质指标测定.结果 自制装置可成功收集子午沙鼠和SD大鼠24 h尿液.子午沙鼠24 h的尿液量为3 ～ 3.5 mL,1.5月龄SD大鼠为8～ 10 mL.肉眼观察,子午沙鼠和SD大鼠的尿液多为黄色、透明、有氨味.子午沙鼠尿液pH为7.80±0.40;尿比重为1.011±0.005;SD大鼠尿液相应数值为7.12±0.03和1.018±0.003.子午沙鼠和SD大鼠的生化指标大多为阴性,但有个别动物样本有不同程度的阳性.子午沙鼠尿液电解质指标在捕获地区间和性别间均未见明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 本文建立的尿液采集方法和测定结果为子午沙鼠实验动物化和相关研究提供基础资料.     

Spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) do not respond to thymus-independent type 2 antigens

Analysis of the immune system of spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) has been limited. Originally grouped with Mus, Acomys has recently been placed closer to Meriones (gerbils). This study compared immunity in Acomys, Mus, and Meriones. Lymphocytes from all rodents examined proliferated in response to mitogen and superantigen stimulation. Only Mus T cells responded to anti-CD3 stimulation. Acomys, like Meriones, and Mus that express xid, did not respond to thymus-independent type 2 antigens. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that T cell-specific MAbs did not bind Acomys or Meriones lymphocytes. The B cell-specific anti-CD45R (B220) MAb detected all rodent B cells and revealed the absence of a CD45R^lo subset in the peritoneal cavity of Acomys and Meriones. Bone marrow from Acomys and Meriones failed to reconstitute B cell function in SCID mice. Thus, in terms of immunity, Acomys appears to be more similar to Meriones than Mus.     

长爪沙鼠生化基因位点检测方法的建立

为建立长爪沙鼠生化基因位点检测方法，应用蛋白质及同功酶醋酸纤膜电泳法，对长爪沙鼠的生化基因位点进行了筛选，并摸索了长爪沙鼠同工酶和蛋白质的电泳条件。结果共筛选出适合长爪沙鼠常规遗传检测的生化基因位点28个，确定了适当的电泳时间、电压和靶器官。该方法可为长爪沙鼠的遗传质量分析提供有效手段。     

鼠完和鼠完钠盐防治长爪沙鼠现场试验

目的　观察不同浓度鼠完和鼠完钠盐对长爪沙鼠的杀灭效果。方法　在有效洞口旁投饵 ,利用堵洞盗开洞法调查灭鼠效果。结果　 0 .0 2 2 5 %、0 .0 45 %、0 .0 9%鼠完钠盐灭鼠率分别为 ( 95 .75± 3 .3 3 ) %、( 98.74± 1.73 ) %和( 97.3 4± 2 .5 7) % ,平均灭鼠率 97.3 2 % ;0 .0 2 5 %、0 .0 5 %和 0 .1%鼠完小麦毒饵对长爪沙鼠的灭效分别为 ( 90 .41±5 .16) %、( 91.90± 4.5 9) %和 ( 93 .3 9± 3 .13 ) % ,平均灭鼠率为 92 .3 7% ;0 .0 0 5 %溴敌隆灭鼠率为 97.2 3 % ,鼠完钠盐与溴敌隆 (t =0 .0 5 80 .0 5 )。结论　鼠完和鼠完钠盐适口性好 ,灭效高 ,适宜在草原上大面积使用 ,是比较好的抗凝血杀鼠剂。